Senecavirus A (SVA, formerly known as Seneca Valley virus) is a small, non-enveloped picornavirus discovered incidentally in 2002 as a cell culture contaminant. Retrospective serosurveys showed that the virus had been circulating silently in U.S. pigs since at least 1988.
Senecavirus A (SVA) cause vesicular disease (VD) and epidemic transient neonatal losses (ETNL) in swine. The main significance of SVA is clinical resemblance to vesicular foreign animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), swine vesicular disease (SVD), and vesicular exanthema of swine (VES).
Clinical outbreaks of SVA (VD) are characterized by a sudden onset of vesicles that progress to ulcerative dermatitis on the snout, oral cavity, or coronary bands, which affect a high percentage of sows and finisher pigs. Outbreaks of ETNL produce 30–70% mortality in piglets between one and four days of age without specific or characteristic clinical signs. Reported clinical signs from farms that have suffered this condition are unspecific and include weakness, salivation, skin rash, neurologic signs, diarrhea, and sudden death.
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